Topic 1: Information model

    Since ancient times man uses simulation to study the objects and phenomena in different spheres of life. As a result of these studies is necessary in determining the characteristics of real objects and processes in understanding the phenomena and adapting to them (or manage), in designing new and old modernizuvanni objects. Simulation allows a person to make informed decisions and to foresee the consequences of their activities. Process modeling using powerful modern means of information processing - the computer can be called a computer simulation. Thanks to computer significantly expand the application of modeling, and provides a comprehensive analysis of the results.
    The model can be called an artificial person or abstract material object. Research and analysis model allows to know the real nature of the existing complex object, process or phenomenon, called prototypes of the object. Thus, the model - a simplified picture of the real object, process or phenomenon, and modeling - building models for research and study facilities, processes and phenomena.
    You may question why you can not examine the object, why create a model? This may be many reasons:

• at the time of original research may not exist;
• actually this object can not be seen in full;
• researcher wants to see the object, but can not get to the place of its location;
• process that examines, life-threatening.

    For the same object, you can create a large number of models. It depends, first, the goal we set ourselves, and secondly, the methods and means by which we collect information about the prototype.
    Thus, the number of models and their diversity is very high. To avoid a loss in the diversity model to classify.
    Consider the most essential features, which are classified models: the use, taking into account the time factor in the model; way to represent models.
    On the basis of the use of models can be divided into:

• learning - visual aids, simulators,
• training programs;
• Research - research designed to characteristics of the real object;
• scientific and technical - to study processes and phenomena;
• gaming model - to explore the possible behavior of the object in programmed or emergency situations;
• simulation models - simulates the real situation is done, many times repeated to examine the actual circumstances.

    In a sign of the time factor model can be dynamic and static. In the first case on the subject of research carried out within a certain period and the second - is a one-time snapshot of the state.
    By way of presentation models may be material and information. The material model - a substantive display object with preservation of geometric or other properties. This material models of real objects. The material model can also be chemical or physical experiment. These models implement physical approach to the study of the object or phenomenon.
    Information model - a set of data characterizing the properties and state of the object, process or phenomenon, and their interaction with the outside world. Information models are: verbal - a model derived from human brain activity and are presented in verbal form; symbolic - models that are expressed by special symbols (pictures, texts, diagrams, graphs, formulas). The form of presentation are the following types of information models:

• geometric - graphic shapes and three-dimensional design;
• verbal - verbal and written descriptions with illustrations;
• mathematics - mathematical formulas that reflect the relationship of various parameters of the object;
• structural - diagrams, tables;
• logical - models with various options presented selecting actions based on analysis of conditions;
• special - notes, chemical formulas.

    In today's world solve complex scientific and industrial problems is impossible without the use of models and simulations. Among the various types of models occupy a special place mathematical models because they allow to take into account quantitative and easy-ditch options phenomena and use accurate mathematical methods. The study of real phenomena using mathematical models usually requires the use of computational methods. It is widely used methods of applied mathematics, mathematical statistics and computer science.