Topic 2: Programming Languages. Part 1

The concept of programming languages
    In preparing the algorithms for their execution on the computer to the forefront the need for accurate recording of commands that are understandable to the artist that leaves no room for arbitrary interpretations.
Programming language called the fixed system are going to meet Chen to describe algorithms and data structures.
    Language most modern computers rather "stingy" and consists of teams of orders such as "allocate a certain size", "read information from a place of memory", "remember information in a certain place of memory" "add two numbers," "go to the next team by reading it from a place of memory," "compare two numbers." Typically, teams only a few hundred. All of them are so simple that can be effectively implemented computer equipment. A set of commands is called machine language code, in terms of their functionality is complete. Using this set of commands, ie commands using a given system, can be described by any algorithm. However, that account for complex problems are so bulky that a person will be very little chance to make it unmistakable.
    There are two ways out of this situation. The first is associated with the creation of more complex computer systems, ie the hardware that can implement a wider and more complex set of commands. The second way - is to develop software that would allow use complex in terms of computer, but more understandable in terms of human commands, such as branching and loops. But while there is a need for special programs, translators, whose function is to transform programs with the input language to an equivalent program that can execute computer. Such programs are called translators. This second path was active development.
    To date, developed a considerable number of different programming languages. Also known even different versions of the same programming languages. Why is this number? The fact that today the field where the computers are diverse and are specific, that take into account all in one language is simply impossible. Therefore, each programming language oriented to a certain class of problems. For programming the economic problems of the programming language used dBase, Paradox, Clipper; for settlement of problems rather take advantage of as Basic, Pascal; for access to more "deep" of your computer is desirable to take advantage of assembler and C languages.